Improvement in power-hammers



A. L. s. cHENoT.

Power-Hammers.

N0.155,859 Patented Oct. 13,1874.

2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

A. L. S. CHENDT.

Pnwar-Hammers. Y No.155,859, Patented oct.13,1a74.

ALFRED L. S. CHENOT, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

IMPROVEMENT IN POWER-HAMMERS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent N0.155,859, dated October 13, 1874; application led .Tuly 18, 1874.

To all uhom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALFRED L. S. CI-IENOT,

. of Paris, France, have invented a new and Improved Triple-Acting Steam-Hammer; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying draW- ing, forming a part ot this specification, in which- Figure 1 is a vertical section through line x w of Fig. 3 5 Fig. 2, a horizontal section through line M N of Fig. 3; Fig. 3, a side elevation; Fig. 4., a rear elevation, showing apparatus for controlling the motion of the hammer.

This invention relates to that class of machines known as steam-hammers and is a new and improved arrangement, whereby the greatest attainable efficiency is secured, and the machinery adapted to the operations of boring or drilling rock, breaking stone, and roadmakin g, as well as to the forging and planishing of metals. It consists in a percussion-cylinder bearing upon its lower end a hammerblock and hammer, and moving smoothly in an incasing-cylinder, which acts as a guide, and prevents any lateral motion of the percussion-cylinder resulting from the strokes of the same. Inside the said percussion-cylinder is a piston-rod bearing upon each end a piston, Which moves freely in the cylinder, and between the two pistons, and permanently attached to the cylinder, a diaphragm, which, with the two pistons, divides the cylinder into three air-compartments. When the piston-rod is elevated by the connecting mechanism a vacuum is formed in the upper and lower compartments, a compressed plenum in the middle compartment, and the cylinder raised by the elasticity of the air. When the connecting mechanism drives the piston-rod down the force of the steam, gravity, and the elasticity of the air combine to give a heavy, quick, and elastic blow.

Combined with the above-mentioned mechanism are various attachments for regulating and controlling the action of the hammer, which will be hereinafter more fully described.

In the drawings, Fig. 1, A represents an actuating-shaft bearing a wheel, V, to which is attached a crank, M. B is a pitman.-rod connecting crank M with pin K attached to piston E. Said piston E acts as a guide for rod B, and is formed with a cup-shaped cavity, m, to receive the end of same, said cavity serving as a receptacle for oil, for the purpose of lubricating the mechanism. Connecting piston E with piston P is the rod t, which passes through the packing ot' diaphragm D, forming therewith an air-tight joint. C is the percussion-cylinder bearing the hammer-block F and hammer E, and sliding freely in a vertical position. Said cylinder is carefully turned upon its periphery, and bored upon the inside, the lower portion being of a little smaller caliber than the upper, to form a seat, upon which the diaphragm I) may rest. G represents the outer casing, which contains the cylinder, and is preferably made cylindrical on one side and dat on the other, so that it may present a plane surface to the wall or frame to which it is secured. Said case is bored out above and below, to fit the inside cylinder, the middle portion being casta little larger, and is provided at the top with an annular trough, cl, which contains oil for lubricating the contact ot the case with the cylinder. In piston E and the bottom part of cylinder C are the oil-conduits y and b, of which y serves to conduct the oil from cup m to the inner side of the cylinder for lubricating the pistou, and b to remove the waste, both being provided with appropriate cocks or plugs. G', F2, and E3 represent the different air-chambers formed by the diaphragm, the two pistons, and the bottom of the cylinder. F is a hammerblock, containing hammer E2; G', the anvil, and H the block supporting the same, El being a bar ot' metal which isvbeing operated upon. J, Fig. 2, is a stud secured to cylinder C by screw e, which moves in a slot in outer casing G, and prevents the said cylinder from rotating'. In Fig. 3, which shows a side elevation, S represents the frame-work to which the operating parts are attached. Said frame is preferably made as shown, but may be varied, according to circumstances. In the top part of said frame is the shaft A, carrying iiy-wheel V and 'band-pulley Q, said pulley being connected with a second pulley, P1, upon shaft T by a loose band, X. P2 and P3 are transmitting-pulleys upon the same axis T, through which motion is imparted to the ham- UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

mer from the engine. Connected with the apI paratus, as thus` described, is an attachment for regulating the operation of the hammer, which may be seen in Fig. 4. L is a lever pivoted ata to the frame S, having at .one end the adjustable counter-weight B1, and at the other the tension-roller R. This end of the lever L is made into a handle, and connects by rod r with apedal, p. The otherend of said lever rests upon the end z of a second lever moving upon a horizontal axis, but at right angles to L, and as this end of this second lever is depressed by L the other end, s, raises a spring, r', and brings a cushioned brake, s', in contact with the flywheel V, arresting its motion, said tension pulley R receding from the belt, and allowing the same to become slack whenever the above action takes place.

The operation of this machine is as follows: We will suppose the pulley P1 to be revolving through belt C2 and pulley P2, rthe lever L is in a horizontal position, the tension-roller away from the belt X, the weight B pressing upon arm c', and the brake s against the wheel V, the hammer being at rest. The lever L is now drawn down, either by hand or by foot, through the pedal p and ccnnectingrod, which action simultaneously withdraws the brake s from. the ily-wheel V, and tightens the band X by pressing the tensionvroller R against the same. Motion being'now imparted to the` wheel V, the pitman-rod B is moved accordingly, and la reciprocatingl motion communicated tothe piston-rod t and two pistons, E and P. When rod t and pistons E and l? rise, the cylinder Odoes not rise simultaneously, but waits until the force of the compression of the airin F2 and the rareiication of same in G' and E3 is' equal to the weight of the cylinder and hammer. As soon as this takes place the cylinder rises with a spring, elevating the hammer also. Now,- as the pistons are forced down by the actuating mechanism, to the impulsive force is added the influence ofv gravity and the elasticity of the compressed and rareied air in the compartments, all combining to produce a heavy, sudden,and elastic blow. In the downward stroke, however, the conditions oi the airin the compartments of the cylinder are reversed, the air being compressed in G and E3 and rareed in F2. This occurs -by reason of the inertia of the cylinder and hammer when about to change from an upward to a downward course, the pistons moving rapidly and plunging down first, while the cylinder and hammer are, so to speak, balanced between gravity and the upward-impelling force.

It .is evident that, in an arrangement like this, the greatest possible variation of stroke can be attained. The machine may be run so slowly as to strike with only a few pounds ot' its weight, the restbeing balanced by the elasticity of the air; or it may be run so rapidly as to reverse the conditions of the air-chambers, and produce the heaviest, quickest, and most elastic stroke possible, the elasticity of the air acting in combination with the weight of the apparatus.

When it is desired to stop the hammer, all that is necessary is to'restore the lever L to its former position, whereby the tension-ro] ler is withdrawn from the belt and motion cut oft' from the machine, and the brake applied to the 4ily-wheel, by means of which its present motion is arrested.

In the use of the machine as thus described, f

I do not confine myself to a single diaphragm and two pistons, but may use two or more sets of diaphragms and pistons, when desirable,'by making the cylinder longer, the principle and mode of application being the same. Y

As aL modification, also, of my invention, the hammer may be actuated by a direct rectilinear motion, instead of a rotary one, by connecting the pistons to the piston-rod cfa steamcylinder operating in a right line with thehammer; and in this case the entire apparatus may be disposed horizontally upon a frame, as would be required in drilling or breaking rock. Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new is l. The combination, with areciprocatin g cyl inder, of the rod t, pistons E and l?, and per-y manent diaphragm D, for the purpose of'forming a triple-actin g hammer, operating substantially in the mannerand for vthe purposes set forth.

2. The construction of the pistonE,hollowed out at and having the conduit y, for the purpose of forming an oil-cup for lubricating the pistons, and of receiving the end of rod B and forming a guide for the same, substantially as and for the purposey specified.

3. The combination of lever L, tension-roller R, counter-weight B', pedal 1o, rod r, lever s i, andbrake We', for the purpose of breaking the communication with the actuating mechanism, and of arresting the motion already imparted to the machine, substantially as and for the purpose speciiied.

ALFRED LOUIS STANISLAS- CHENOI. y

Witnesses:

RoB'r. M. HooPER, y EMILE DURAN. 

